Pregnant women diagnosed with oligohydramnios or borderline oligohydramnios participated in this research experiment at Fatemieh Training Hospital in Hamedan, Iran. The current study aimed to evaluate sildenafil's effect on the volume of amniotic fluid in women who had oligohydramnios or borderline oligohydramnios. A well-designed study could provide more definitive evidence on the safety and effectiveness of sildenafil citrate for this purpose. Hence, further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks in treating oligohydramnios. In contrast, previous clinical evaluations have found that sildenafil citrate is generally safe for pregnant women and may increase uterine blood flow. Studying sildenafil citrate is necessary to determine its safety and effectiveness in treating oligohydramnios. Both trials found that minor maternal side effects, such as headaches, flushing, vision disturbances, dizziness, palpitations, arthralgia, dyspepsia, and epigastric discomfort, were not more common than with placebo ( 16, 17). Two comprehensive clinical evaluations examined whether sildenafil citrate is safe to use while pregnant. Increased uterine blood flow and amplified estrogen-induced vasodilation are the effects of sildenafil citrate ( 15). Utero-placental perfusion is increased by sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor ( 14). In a study on 89050 healthy pregnancies with a singular and non-anomalous fetus at term, oligohydramnios (identified as AFI ≤ 5 cm) was found in 4.4% of the cases ( 13). Oligohydramnios is described as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 5 cm or less ( 9), while borderline (marginal) oligohydramnios is defined as an AFI of 5.1 to 8.0 cm ( 11, 12). Many studies have recorded neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization, cesarean sections owing to fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal growth limitation, premature birth, and even fetal mortality in pregnancies with oligohydramnios ( 8- 10). Low amniotic fluid volume is linked to a higher fetal and neonatal mortality rate and morbidity ( 7). As an illustration, growth-restricted fetuses might redistribute blood flow away from their kidneys, which lowers fetal urine production and causes oligohydramnios ( 5).Ī lack of amniotic fluid, or oligohydramnios, can negatively affect the pregnancy's prognosis because amniotic fluid is crucial for maintaining fetal health ( 6). The amniotic fluid volume changes due to fetal abnormalities that affect any of these functions. Late pregnancy, swallowing, fetal urination, and lung fluid expulsion significantly contribute to fluid transport, with little help from other sources ( 3, 4).
Doctors can use amniotic fluid to track a pregnancy’s development and forecast fetal outcomes ( 2).Ī woman's amniotic sac is determined by how much fluid enters and leaves. This fluid supplies the environment and essential growth factors for the fetal organs, including the musculoskeletal, digestive, and pulmonary systems, normal growth, and maturation. Furthermore, fluid and nutrition are stored for the fetus to hold the proteins, electrolytes, immunoglobulins, and vitamins.
Amniotic fluid's antimicrobial properties aid in protecting the fetus from pathogenic pathogens. Amniotic fluid also safeguards the umbilical cord and lessens the possibility of uterine wall compression ( 1).
BackgroundĪmniotic fluid surrounds the fetus during development and serves a variety of functions, such as safeguarding the fetus when the mother's abdomen sustains damage by providing a cushion between the fetus and the umbilical cord. Oligohydramnios Amniotic Fluid Index Sildenafil Citrate 1. Sildenafil citrate enhanced amniotic fluid production, although no significant issues were seen for the mother or fetus.
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